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Aiming at the dyke collapsing, in order to avoid casualties and economic losses, the health monitoring of dyke and the timely warning are needed.Based on the BOTDA technology, through designing and building the experimental platform, to research the deformation of the dyke under different water flow by using the distributed optical fiber sensor.The experimental platform is composed of two parts of the constant flow device and the dyke. The constant flow device can provide accurate water flow to the dyke. The dyke will generate the corresponding deformation under different water flow.The distributed optical fiber sensor is embedded in the dyke, and when the dyke deformation occurs, the distributed optical fiber sensor will be stretched by the deformation of the dyke. The distributed optical fiber sensor can be measured and analyzed by using BOTDA technology. The results testify that the Brillouin frequency shift of the distributed optical fiber sensor can correctly reflect the dyke deformation, and the BOTDA technique is applied to the dyke health monitoring.